Elder Abuse

The older adult who can no longer live independently may be particularly vulnerable to mistreatment in the form of physical assault, psychological or emotional abuse, sexual abuse, financial manipulation, or neglect. The most likely perpetrators of abuse are persons well acquainted with or in continual contact with the dependent individual. These could be family or non-family members who become caregivers, spouses or significant others, or professional caregivers.

Elder abuse is prevalent throughout the United States, with approximately 1 million known cases occurring annually.  The syndrome is characterized by the infliction of physical, emotional, or psychological harm on an older adult. Abuse can occur through unwitting or deliberate actions. Most cases of abuse are committed in residential rather than institutional settings, and the most likely culprits are spouses, children, siblings, relatives, or paid caregivers. In older persons, the most common types of maltreatment are neglect, emotional/psychological abuse, and physical abuse.

Common factors at the root of elder abuse include:

  • a stressful care giving situation, especially if the older person is physically or emotionally impaired
  • family problems
  • isolation of the older person from friends and family
  • financial problems
  • a history of family violence or personal problems for the caregiver

Telling behaviors

Behavior patterns reveal a lot about the relationship between the patient and his caregiver. How do they interact? Do they smile or laugh together or sit in stony silence? Is the caregiver's tone soft and soothing or loud and threatening? Does he touch the patient gently, roughly, or not at ail?

Pay close attention to your patient's behavior. Anxiety, agitation, confusion, withdrawal, fearfulness, depression, aggressiveness, suspiciousness, hallucinations, or talk of suicide all may signal mistreatment.

PEG GRAY-VICKREY, RN,C, DNS

Associate Professor College of Health Professions
Department of Nursing
Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers, Fla.

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Signs of abuse

What to do if you suspect abuse

Who to report the abuse to